|
The Incan civilization was predominantly an agricultural society. The Incas took advantage of the soil, overcoming the adversities of the Andean terrain and weather. The adaptation of agricultural technologies that had been used previously allowed the Incas to organize production of a diverse range of crops from the coast, mountains, and jungle regions, which they were then able to redistribute to villages that did not have access to the other regions. These technological achievements in agriculture would not have been possible without the workforce that was at the disposal of the Sapa Inca, as well as the road system that allowed them to harvested crops and to distribute them throughout their territory. These practices were so effective that many experts believe that if they were readopted today, they would solve the nutritional problems of Andean people for many decades.〔 http://www.eclac.cl/publicaciones/xml/1/5541/lcl1413_Cap8-10.pdf〕〔 http://www.cusichaca.org/PDF/2.%20%20Presentacion%20de%20la%20Institucion%20CUSICHACA.pdf〕 ==Farming tools== Inca farmers did not have domesticated animals suitable for agricultural work so they relied on manual tools. These were well adapted to the hilly terrain of the Andes and to the limited-area platforms on which they farmed. Main manual tools used include: * ''Chaki taklla'',〔Teofilo Laime Ajacopa, Diccionario Bilingüe Iskay simipi yuyayk'ancha, La Paz, 2007 (Quechua-Spanish dictionary)〕 a human-powered foot plough that consists of a wooden pole with a curved sharp point, often made of stone or metal. Across the end of this pole ran another wooden crossbar, on which the farmer could put his foot to sink it into the earth and produce a furrow.〔(Inkan Agriculture ), Qosqo〕 This tool is still used in the Andes for plowing, sowing, and building.〔http://www.trophort.com/001/718/001718076.html 〕 * ''Rawk'ana'',〔 a hoe with a thin sheet of wood of ''chachakuma'', no higher than 40 cm. It was used to harvest tubers, to remove weeds and to sow small seeds. * ''Waqtana'', a Quechua term for a "clod buster"〔 The ''chaki taklla'', ''rawk'ana'', and ''waqtana'' were used by Andean farmers for thousands of years.〔Lentz, David Lewis; ''(Imperfect balance: landscape transformations in the Precolumbian Americas )'', Columbia University Press, 2000, 547pp, p.322 ISBN 978-0-231-11156-0 (retrieved 17 February 2012 via Google Books)〕 〔〔 Farming was celebrated with rituals and songs. Teams of seven or eight men, accompanied by the same number of women, would work in line to prepare fields. The men used foot plows, ''chaki taklla'', to break the soil. The women followed, breaking the closes and planting seeds. This work was accompanied by singing and chanting, striking the earth in unison. By one account Spanish priests found the songs so pleasant that they were incorporated into church services.〔''The Incas''. Terrence N. D'Altroy. Blackwell Publishers Inc. 2002. pp 198-199. ISBN 0-631-17677-2.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Incan agriculture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|